JERUSALEM — Israeli voters head to the polls Tuesday in the first national election since the Hamas-led attack of Oct. 7, 2023, putting Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s record and political future on the line. The attack, which exposed what was described as the deadliest security breakdown in Israel’s history, initially appeared to put Netanyahu’s tenure in jeopardy. The country was gripped by grief and anger, and his departure from office seemed increasingly likely. Instead, the veteran leader has remained at the center of Israeli politics through three years of domestic turmoil and wars across the region. Now, with the race described as tight, the vote could bring a close to the career of the 77-year-old Likud leader—or reinforce his standing as one of the country’s most formidable political survivors. Netanyahu has been Israel’s dominant political figure for nearly two decades. A poor showing would open the way for a new political era, while victory would give him a powerful argument that he has weathered the crisis that once appeared likely to end his premiership.