WASHINGTON — A conservative campaign against transgender athletes is colliding with a debate over Title IX, the federal law that bars sex discrimination in education and helped drive the growth of women’s sports. At least two conservative organizations are pressing Education Secretary Linda McMahon to rescind a longstanding sports policy tied to Title IX. The Heritage Foundation has gone further, calling the policy a “failed experiment” in a recent paper and arguing it rests on the mistaken premise that women are as interested in competitive sports as men. The paper says the policy has become a form of “feminist social engineering” and links it to cuts in men’s programs, including wrestling, gymnastics and tennis. Those are Heritage’s claims; the available account provides no figures measuring the alleged effect on men’s sports. The dispute marks a fracture in a Republican coalition that has rallied around protecting women’s sports from transgender participation. That message helped Republicans mobilize voters and put Democrats on the defensive. Now conservative leaders are at odds over whether the same policy framework that expanded opportunities for female athletes should be weakened in the name of preserving men’s teams. The fight also comes as both parties seek support from young men. McMahon, a former professional wrestling executive now leading the Education Department, is being pressed to take a side in a debate that could shape federal education policy and the future of school and college athletics. Title IX has been central to women’s access to education and athletics for decades. Any rollback of policies built around the law could therefore reach beyond the current political battle over transgender competitors, affecting how schools balance opportunities for male and female athletes.